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SpringCloud笔记（八） Hystrix断路器

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目录

概述

分布式系统面临的问题

90

91

92

93

是什么

94

能干嘛

  1. 服务降级
  2. 服务熔断
  3. 接近实时的监控

官网资料

https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki/How-To-Use

Hystrix官宣，停更进维

https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix

95

Hystrix重要概念

服务降级

服务器忙，请稍候再试，不让客户端等待并立刻返回一个友好提示，fallback

哪些情况会触发降级

  1. 程序运行异常
  2. 超时
  3. 服务熔断触发服务降级
  4. 线程池/信号量打满也会导致服务降级

服务熔断

类比保险丝达到最大服务访问后，直接拒绝访问，拉闸限电，然后调用服务降级的方法并返回友好提示

就是一个保险丝，分为三步：服务的降级->进而熔断->恢复调用链路

服务限流

秒杀高并发等操作，严禁一窝蜂的过来拥挤，大家排队，一秒钟N个，有序进行

hystrix案例

构建

建module

新建cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001模块

改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mg.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001</artifactId>


    <dependencies>
        <!--新增hystrix-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mg.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

写yaml

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/

主启动类

package com.mg.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

业务类

service
package com.mg.springcloud.services;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Service
public class PaymentService {

    //成功
    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id){
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_OK,id：  "+id+"\t"+"哈哈哈"  ;
    }

    //失败
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
        int timeNumber = 3;
        try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber); }catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_TimeOut,id：  "+id+"\t"+"呜呜呜"+" 耗时(秒)"+timeNumber;
    }

}
controller
package com.mg.springcloud.controller;

import com.mg.springcloud.services.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }
    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }
}

测试

启动eureka7001

启动cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001

访问：http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/ok/1

访问：http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/timeout/1 每次调用耗时3秒

上述module均OK

以上述为根基平台，从正确—>错误—>降级熔断—>恢复

高并发测试

上述程序在非高并发情形下，还能勉强满足。

使用Jmeter压测测试，开启Jmeter，来20000个并发压死8001，20000个请求都去访问paymentInfo_TimeOut服务

96

然后在分别去访问

http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/ok/1和http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/timeout/1

发现两个服务都在自己转圈圈。

为什么会被卡死？是因为tomcat的默认的工作线程数被打满了，没有多余的线程来分解压力和处理。

Jmeter压测结论

上面还是服务提供者8001自己测试，假如此时外部的消费者80也来访问，那消费者只能干等，最终导致消费端80不满意，服务端8001直接被拖死

那我们试下加入80消费者调用后的结果：

构建80消费者

建module

新建cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80模块

改pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mg.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--新增hystrix-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mg.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>
写yaml
server:
  port: 80

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-provider-hystrix-order

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
主启动类
package com.mg.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class,args);
}
}
业务类
service
package com.mg.springcloud.services;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT")
public interface PaymentHystrixService {
    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
controller
package com.mg.springcloud.controller;

import com.mg.springcloud.services.PaymentHystrixService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }

}
测试

正常测试：http://localhost/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/1

高并发测试：

2W个线程压8001

消费端80微服务再去访问正常的OK微服务8001地址 http://localhost/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/1

消费者80，要么转圈圈等待，要么消费端报超时错误

故障现象和导致原因

8001同一层次的其他接口服务被困死，因为tomcat线程里面的工作线程已经被挤占完毕

80此时调用8001，客户端访问响应缓慢，转圈圈

上诉结论

正因为有上述故障或不佳表现，才有我们的降级/容错/限流等技术诞生

如何解决？解决的要求

超时导致服务器变慢（转圈）：超时不再等待

出错（宕机或程序运行出错）：出错要有兜底

解决：

  1. 对方服务（8001）超时了，调用者（80）不能一直卡死等待，必须有服务降级
  2. 对方服务（8001）down机了，调用者（80）不能一直卡死等待，必须有服务降级
  3. 对方服务（8001）OK，调用者（80）自己出故障或有自我要求（自己的等待时间小于服务提供者），自己处理降级

服务降级

8001fallback

8001先从自身找问题，设置自身调用超时时间的峰值，峰值内可以正常运行，超过了需要有兜底的方法处理，作服务降级fallback

业务类启用

一旦调用服务方法失败并抛出了错误信息后，会自动调用@HystrixCommand标注好的fallbackMethod调用类中的指定方法

package com.mg.springcloud.services;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Service
public class PaymentService {

    //成功
    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id){
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_OK,id：  "+id+"\t"+"哈哈哈"  ;
    }

    //失败，服务降级
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000")  //3秒钟以内就是正常的业务逻辑
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
        //无论是超时或者抛出异常都会调用兜底的方法
        //int age = 10/0;
        int timeNumber = 5;
        try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber); }catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_TimeOut,id：  "+id+"\t"+"呜呜呜"+" 耗时(秒)"+timeNumber;
    }

    //兜底方法
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id){
        return "线程池："+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   系统繁忙, 请稍候再试  ,id：  "+id+"\t"+"哭了哇呜";
    }
}
主启动类激活

添加新注解@EnableCircuitBreaker

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

97

80fallback

80订单微服务，也可以更好的保护自己，自己也依样画葫芦进行客户端降级保护

注意：我们自己配置过的热部署方式对java代码的改动明显，但对@HystrixCommand内属性的修改建议重启微服务

yaml
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true #如果处理自身的容错就开启。开启方式与生产端不一样。
主启动

加入@EnableHystrix注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class,args);
    }
}
业务类
package com.mg.springcloud.controller;

import com.mg.springcloud.services.PaymentHystrixService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }
    
    //服务降级
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "1500")  //1.5秒钟以内就是正常的业务逻辑
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        //无论是超时或者抛出异常都会调用兜底的方法
        //int i = 10/0;
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }

    //兜底方法
    public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "我是消费者80，对付支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己,(┬＿┬)";
    }

}

目前存在的问题

  1. 每个业务方法对应一个兜底的方法，代码膨胀
  2. 统一和自定义的分开

解决问题

解决问题一：每个业务方法对应一个兜底的方法，代码膨胀

使用@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = “”)

99

package com.mg.springcloud.controller;

import com.mg.springcloud.services.PaymentHystrixService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
//使用DefaultProperties注解指定默认的降级方法
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod")  //全局的
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
//    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
//            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "1500")  //1.5秒钟以内就是正常的业务逻辑
//    })
    //使用默认的降级方法，只标注@HystrixCommand代表使用降级功能即可
    @HystrixCommand
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        int i = 10/0;
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }

    //兜底方法
    public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "我是消费者80，对付支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己,(┬＿┬)";
    }

    //下面是全局fallback方法
    public String payment_Global_FallbackMethod(){
        return "Global异常处理信息，请稍后再试,(┬＿┬)";
    }

}

98

解决问题二：统一和自定义的分开

本次案例服务降级处理是在客户端80实现完成的，与服务端8001没有关系，只需要为Feign客户端定义的接口添加一个服务降级处理的实现类即可实现解耦

未来我们要面对的异常：运行时异常，超时，宕机

再看我们的业务类PaymentController：

100

修改cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80

根据cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80已经有的PaymentHystrixService接口，重新新建一个类（PaymentFallbackService）实现该接口，统一为接口里面的方法进行异常处理

package com.mg.springcloud.services;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService {
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
        return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_OK , (┬＿┬)";
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
        return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_TimeOut , (┬＿┬)";
    }
}
yaml
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true #如果处理自身的容错就开启。开启方式与生产端不一样。
PaymentFeignClientService接口

@FeignClient注解中加入fallback属性

package com.mg.springcloud.services;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {
    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
测试

单个eureka先启动7001，PaymentHystrixMain8001启动，再启动cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80

正常访问测试：http://localhost/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/31

故意关闭微服务8001

此时服务端provider已经down了，但是我们做了服务降级处理，让客户端在服务端不可用时也会获得提示信息而不会挂起耗死服务器

服务熔断

断路器

一句话就是家里保险丝

什么是熔断

101

大神论文：https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CircuitBreaker.html

实操

修改cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001

PaymentService
@Service
public class PaymentService {
    //服务熔断
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
        //是否开启断路器
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true"),
        //请求次数
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10"),   
        //时间范围
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000"),  
        //失败率达到多少后跳闸
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60"), 
    })
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        if (id < 0){
            throw new RuntimeException("*****id 不能负数");
        }
        String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();

        return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"调用成功,流水号："+serialNumber;
    }
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "id 不能负数，请稍候再试,(┬＿┬)/~~     id: " +id;
    }
}

为什么配置这些参数：

102

controller
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
    //===服务熔断
    @GetMapping("/payment/circuit/{id}")
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
        log.info("*******result:"+result);
        return result;
    }
}
测试

启动7001，再启动cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001

访问：http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/31 可以正常访问

访问：http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/-31 失败，会调用兜底方法。多次刷新错误的调用，然后调用正确的访问，发现就算是正确的访问地址也不能进行访问，需要慢慢的恢复链路，才可以正常访问

原理

结论

103

熔断类型
  1. 熔断打开：请求不再进行调用当前服务，内部设置时钟一般为MTTR(平均故障处理时间)，当打开时长达到所设时钟则进入熔断状态
  2. 熔断关闭：熔断关闭不会对服务进行熔断
  3. 熔断半开：部分请求根据规则调用当前服务，如果请求成功且符合规则则认为当前服务恢复正常，关闭熔断
官网断路器流程图

104

官网步骤

105

断路器在什么情况下开始起作用

106

断路器开启或者关闭的条件
  1. 当满足一定阀值的时候（默认10秒内超过20个请求次数）
  2. 当失败率达到一定的时候（默认10秒内超过50%请求失败）
  3. 到达以上阀值，断路器将会开启
  4. 当开启的时候，所有请求都不会进行转发
  5. 一段时间之后（默认是5秒），这个时候断路器是半开状态，会让其中一个请求进行转发。如果成功，断路器会关闭，若失败，继续开启。重复4和5
断路器打开之后

107

All配置

108

109

110

111

服务限流

后面高级篇讲解alibaba的Sentinel说明

hystrix工作流程

官网地址：https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki/How-it-Works

hystrix工作流程

112

服务监控hystrixDashboard

概述

113

仪表盘9001

建module

新建cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001模块

改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mg.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001</artifactId>


    <dependencies>
        <!--新增hystrix dashboard-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

写yaml

server:
  port: 9001

主启动类

注意添加新注解@EnableHystrixDashboard

package com.mg.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class HystrixDashboardMain9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HystrixDashboardMain9001.class,args);
    }
}

所有Provider微服务提供类（8001/8002/8003）都需要监控依赖配置

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

启动cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001

访问：http://localhost:9001/hystrix，出现以下界面说明成功

114

断路器演示

修改cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001

注意：新版本Hystrix需要在主启动类MainAppHystrix8001中指定监控路径。否则会报Unable to connect to Command Metric Stream，出现404

package com.mg.springcloud;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.metrics.eventstream.HystrixMetricsStreamServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
    }

    //需要加入这段配置
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet(){
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }
}

监控测试

启动1个eureka或者3个eureka集群均可

观察监控窗口
9001监控8001

填写监控地址：http://localhost:8001/hystrix.stream

115

测试地址

先访问正确地址，再访问错误地址，再正确地址，会发现图示断路器都是慢慢放开的

http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/1

http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/-1

监控结果，成功

116

监控结果，失败

117

如何看

如何观看上面示例中的监控图

  1. 7色

  2. 1圈

    118

  3. 1线

    119

  4. 整图说明

    120

    121

  5. 整图说明2

    122

  6. 搞懂一个才能看懂复杂的

    123

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