概述
什么是Ribbon
官网资料
官网:https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki/Getting-Started
Ribbon目前也进入维护模式
未来替换方案:Loadbalancer
能干嘛
LB(负载均衡)
集中式LB
进程内LB
一句话:Ribbon=负载均衡+RestTemplate调用
Ribbon负载均衡演示
架构说明
总结:Ribbon其实就是一个软负载均衡的客户端组件,他可以和其他所需请求的客户端结合使用,和eureka结合只是其中的一个实例。
POM
前面我们讲解过了80通过轮询负载访问8001/8002,已经使用过了ribbon的功能
二说RestTemplate的使用
官网:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html
他常用的方法有GET请求方法(读取数据,即查询),POST请求方法(写数据,即插入)。
getForObject方法/getForEntity方法
postForObject/postForEntity
Ribbon核心组件IRule
IRule:根据特定算法从服务列表中选取一个要访问的服务
ribbon常用的算法
com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule
轮询。默认方式
com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
随机
com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule
先按照RoundRobinRule的策略获取服务,如果获取服务失败则在指定时间内会进行重试
WeightedResponseTimeRule
对RoundRobinRule的扩展,响应速度越快的实例选择权重越大,越容易被选择
BestAvailableRule
会先过滤掉由于多次访问故障而处于断路器跳闸状态的服务,然后选择一个并发量最小的服务
AvailabilityFilteringRule
先过滤掉故障实例,再选择并发较小的实例
ZoneAvoidanceRule
默认规则,复合判断server所在区域的性能和server的可用性选择服务器
如何替换
注意配置细节
新建package
com.mg.myrule
上面包下新建MySelfRule规则类
package com.mg.myrule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class MySelfRule {
@Bean
public IRule myRule() {
return new RandomRule();
}
}
主启动类添加@RibbonClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
//CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE服务采用我们MySelfRule类中的算法规则
@RibbonClient(name = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE",configuration = MySelfRule.class)
public class OrderMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
}
}
完整的项目层级结构为:
测试
访问:http://localhost/consumer/payment/getForEntity/1
多刷新几次发现,并不是我们之前的轮询方式了,而是替换成了随机方式
Ribbon负载均衡算法
原理
以轮询算法为例:
手写本地负载均衡器
8001/8002微服务改造
controller层加入方法,用于返回端口信息,方便测试时查看是否轮询调用
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/lb")
public String getPaymentLB(){
return port;
}
80订单微服务改造
-
ApplicationContextConfig去掉@LoadBalanced。取消默认的ribbon的负载均衡策略
@Configuration public class ApplicationContextConfig { @Bean //@LoadBalanced public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); } }
-
LoadBalancer接口
在com.mg.springcloud下新建lb包,然后新建接口LoadBalancer
package com.mg.springcloud.lb; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import java.util.List; public interface LoadBalancer { //收集服务器总共有多少台能够提供服务的机器,并放到list里面 ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances); }
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新建LoadBalancer接口的实现类MyLB
package com.mg.springcloud.lb; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; @Component public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer { private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0); //坐标 private final int getAndIncrement(){ int current; int next; do { current = this.atomicInteger.get(); next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0 : current + 1; //第一个参数是期望值,第二个参数是修改值 }while (!this.atomicInteger.compareAndSet(current,next)); System.out.println("*******第几次访问,次数next: "+next); return next; } @Override //得到机器的列表 public ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances) { //得到服务器的下标位置 int index = getAndIncrement() % serviceInstances.size(); return serviceInstances.get(index); } }
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OrderController
注入自定义接口loadBalancer,注入discoveryClient。新建getPaymentLB方法测试
package com.mg.springcloud.controller; import com.mg.springcloud.entities.CommonResult; import com.mg.springcloud.entities.Payment; import com.mg.springcloud.lb.LoadBalancer; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import javax.annotation.Resource; import java.net.URI; import java.util.List; @RestController @Slf4j public class OrderController { // public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001"; public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE"; @Resource private RestTemplate restTemplate; @Autowired private LoadBalancer loadBalancer; @Autowired private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create") public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){ return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class); //写操作 } @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}") public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){ return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class); } @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/getForEntity/{id}") public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment2(@PathVariable("id") Long id){ ResponseEntity<CommonResult> entity = restTemplate.getForEntity(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/get/" + id, CommonResult.class); if(entity.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()) { return entity.getBody(); } return new CommonResult<>(444,"操作失败"); } @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/lb") public String getPaymentLB(){ List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE"); if (instances == null || instances.size() <= 0){ return null; } ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.instances(instances); URI uri = serviceInstance.getUri(); return restTemplate.getForObject(uri+"/payment/lb",String.class); } }
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测试
访问:http://localhost/consumer/payment/lb 发现端口是不断轮询的